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       Ginseng

There are currently known of at least 7 species of Panax (Ginseng). A detailed description of the original ginseng given by C.A. Meyer, also Meyer named him by his scientific name - Panax ginseng.

 

While giving the name for the new specie, C.A. Meyer found it necessary to keep the specific name "ginseng", which was already known in Europe for 150 years, because any other name could be a source of confusion.

By this times the extraordinarily healing abilities of this plant was been so linked with the Natural Ginseng, that Wallich, that discovered a new type of ginseng in 1829 in the Himalayas, named the species pseudo-ginseng, which means "false ginseng."

The name "ginseng" goes back to a Chinese word meaning "people" (gin) and "Essence" (seng), i.e. ginseng for the  Chinese  was  the  embodiment of   a substance that has adopted the human form, substance of concentrated nature, quintessence of land.

 

 
 

False ginseng - Panax Pseudo-ginseng Wall. (Chinese san-ch'i) spread in Indochina. Despite its name, the healing worth it traditionally placed the second after the "root of life."

The Chinese name of this plant (San-chi) translates as "Three-Seven" - by the number of leaves. Area of his spread – is the south-western China, as well as part of the India, Vietnam and Thailand territory.

In China, it is cultivated for more than 200 years, it grow mainly in Yunnan Province and, therefore, often referred to as "Yunnan Sanchi".


The underground portion represented by a short rhizome, from which a pencil away a thickened subordinate roots of 2-5 cm long and 1-3 cm in diameter.

 

In the Indian Himalayas and the Chinese provinces of Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, as well as in northern Vietnam grows Panax bipinnate - Panax bipinnatifidus Seem.

 Chinese name: Yu-yeh Chu-chieh Seng, "feather bamboo ginseng" - Herbaceous perennial 30-50 (up to 70) cm in height.

Bipinnate ginseng distinguishes from the remaining species of the genus by highly fragmented leaves.

His fruits are of globular shape, purple, with a large black spot on the top.

 

 

 
 

 In tropical rain forests of Vietnam is growing Panax Vietnamese - Panax vietnamensis (Ha et Grushv) described in the mid 80's. It grows in the highlands (1750-1920 m above sea level) of southern Vietnamese provinces of Jalal-Kontum and Kuangnam-Danang. The maximum height it reaches is 1.1 meters, and usually has a terminal umbrella with 50-120 flowers.

The fruits are bright red with a small black spot on the top. The underground portion represented by long, thick (up to 3.5 cm in diameter) rhizome at the end of which is the tuber-looking root up to 5 cm diameter.
Vietnamese ginseng is the only evergreen kind of Panax: he retains the soboles from the previous year together with newly developed.

 

 Panax Japanese - Panax japonicus (Japanese chikusetsu-ninjin, tochiba-ninjin) - perennial, up to 80 cm in height with long creeping horizontal roots 0,5-1 cm thick, which depart thickened subordinate roots.

The main root of this plant usually dies off.

Japanese ginseng grows in mountainous areas throughout most of Japan.

 

 

 

 
 

 At the northeast U.S. and southeast Canada grows Panax Five-leafed - Panax quinquefolius L.

(Ginseng, red berry, western ginseng, American ginseng, occidental ginseng, Canadian ginseng, seng, sang).

This plant up to 1 m in height. His leaves, which called "prongs" by North Americans, consist of 3-5 fragments.

Five-leafed ginseng lives to 50 years or more. Like the natural ginseng, his American cousin can go into hibernation.

 

At the North American continent also grows Panax trifoliate - Panax trifolius L. (dwarf ginseng, ground-nut).

It is a small herbaceous perennial reaching a height of 20 cm and has a yellowish fruits. His roots rounded, a bit like a potato tuber, for which the plant became known as "ground nut". Trifoliate ginseng grows in Canada (Nova Scotia, southern Quebec) and USA (from Wisconsin to the south, reaching the State of Georgia and Kentucky).

This plant differs from other types of ginseng that forms the specimens by his hermaphrodite and staminal blossoms, and the same individual plant can change their sex depending on the time or circumstances.